Planulozoa
| Planulozoa Julat zaman: Ediacaran–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kepelbagaian planulozoa | |
| Pengelasan saintifik | |
| Alam: | Animalia |
| Subalam: | Eumetazoa |
| (tanpa pangkat): | ParaHoxozoa |
| (tanpa pangkat): | Planulozoa Wallberg et al., 2004 |
| Phyla | |
Bilateria/Triploblasts (unranked)?
| |
Planulozoa adalah klad yang merangkumi Placozoa, Cnidaria (karang dan obor-obor), dan Bilateria (semua haiwan yang lebih kompleks termasuk cacing, serangga, dan vertebrata).[2][3] Penamaan Planulozoa boleh dianggap sebagai sinonim kepada Parahoxozoa. Dalam Planulozoa, Placozoa mungkin adalah saudara kepada Cnidaria dengan pengecualian Bilateria.[4][5][6][7] Klad ini mengecualikan haiwan basal seperti Ctenophora (ubur-ubur sisir),[8][9][3] dan Porifera (span).[10][11][12] Walaupun klad ini kadang-kadang digunakan untuk menentukan klad Cnidaria dan Bilateria dengan pengecualian Placozoa (bertentangan dengan niat asal cadangannya), ini tidak lagi disukai kerana data terkini menunjukkan hubungan kumpulan saudara antara Cnidaria dan Placozoa.[13]
Pohon filogenetik menunjukkan kira-kira berapa juta tahun (mya) lalu garis keturunan berpecah. Di sini, Planulozoa ditunjukkan tanpa Placozoa.[14][15][16]
Planulozoa dikaitkan dengan kemunculan domain gen Zoc dan ZF-NC.[17]
| Choanozoa |
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| 950 mya |
Rujukan
- ^ Liu, Yunhuan; Carlisle, Emily; Zhang, Huaqiao; Yang, Ben; Steiner, Michael; Shao, Tiequan; Duan, Baichuan; Marone, Federica; Xiao, Shuhai; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2022-08-17). "Saccorhytus is an early ecdysozoan and not the earliest deuterostome". Nature (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 609 (7927): 541–546. Bibcode:2022Natur.609..541L. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05107-z. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35978194 Check
|pmid=value (bantuan). S2CID 251646316 Check|s2cid=value (bantuan). - ^ Edgecombe, G. D.; Giribet, G. (2019-01-15), "Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution": A decade later (dalam bahasa Inggeris), University of Padova Press, ISBN 9788869381409, dicapai pada 2019-07-17
- ^ a b Andreas Wallberg; Mikael Thollesson; James S. Farris; Ulf Jondelius (2004). "The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling". Cladistics. 20 (6): 558–578. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00041.x. PMID 34892961 Check
|pmid=value (bantuan). S2CID 86185156. - ^ Aleshin, V. V.; Petrov, N. B. (2002). "Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa". Zh Obshch Biol. 63 (3): 195–208. PMID 12070939.
- ^ Laumer, Christopher E.; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G.; Pearse, Vicki B.; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018-10-30). "Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias". eLife (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7. doi:10.7554/elife.36278. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202. PMID 30373720.
- ^ Schuchert, Peter (1993-03-01). "Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against the Neuropeptide RFamide". Acta Zoologica. 74 (2): 115–117. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01227.x.
- ^ Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd (2002-06-01). "The evolution of the placozoa: A new morphological model". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 82 (1): 315–324. doi:10.1007/bf03043791. ISSN 0037-2110. S2CID 16870420.
- ^ Andreas Hejnol & Mark Q. Martindale (2008). "Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1496): 1493–1501. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2239. PMC 2614228. PMID 18192185.
- ^ Jaume Baguñà; Pere Martinez; Jordi Paps; Marta Riutort (2008). "Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1496): 1481–1491. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238. PMC 2615819. PMID 18192186.
- ^ Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Tatiana P.; Mukherjee, Krishanu; Williams, Peter; Paulay, Gustav; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2017-10-09). "Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (11): 1737–1746. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 5664179. PMID 28993654.
- ^ C. Borchiellini; M. Manuel; E. Alivon; N. Boury-Esnault; J. Vacelet; Y. Le Parco (2001). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 171–179. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00244.x. PMID 29280585.
- ^ Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (2015-12-01). "Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (50): 15402–15407. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215402P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112. PMC 4687580. PMID 26621703.
- ^ Giribet, Gonzalo (2020). The invertebrate tree of life. Gregory D. Edgecombe. Princeton, New Jersey. m/s. 46. ISBN 978-0-691-19706-7. OCLC 1129197548.
- ^ Peterson, Kevin J.; Cotton, James A.; Gehling, James G.; Pisani, Davide (27 April 2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233. PMC 2614224. PMID 18192191.
- ^ Laura Wegener Parfrey; Daniel J G Lahr; Andrew H Knoll; Laura A Katz (16 Ogos 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 108 (33): 13624–9. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813624P. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1110633108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989. Wikidata Q24614721.
- ^ "Raising the Standard in Fossil Calibration". Fossil Calibration Database. Dicapai pada 3 March 2018.
- ^ Layden, Michael J. (2018), "Cnidarian Zic Genes", Zic family, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (dalam bahasa Inggeris), 1046, Springer, Singapore, m/s. 27–39, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_2, ISBN 9789811073106, PMID 29442315
